An integral component of understanding thyroid health lies in understanding diagnostic procedures. One such procedure is an Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid and Neck Lymph Nodes (FNA), an often-preferred method for diagnosing abnormalities in these areas.

What is an Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Thyroid and Neck Lymph Nodes?

FNA biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure for diagnosing conditions affecting the thyroid gland and neck lymph nodes. The term ‘biopsy’ derives from two Greek words meaning life and sight, respectively. Thus, it gives us a look inside life itself through insight into our internal structures, which helps in medical decision-making.

An FNA biopsy utilizes a thin, hollow needle to extract cells or fluid from your gland or neck lymph nodes for examination under a microscope. While its size may seem small, it is impactful. Physicians can access targeted areas quickly to retrieve samples to be examined under a microscope for signs of malignancies or abnormalities that might exist in these samples.

An essential feature of this procedure is ultrasound guidance. Real-time images provided by ultrasound allow real-time visuals of internal structures of the neck, giving real-time visualizations and precise needle navigation into target areas. By accurately pinpointing nodules or lumps, damage to surrounding tissues is decreased dramatically.

Once samples have been extracted, they’re taken to a pathology lab, where they undergo meticulous scrutiny by an expert pathologist. The expert evaluates each cell structure and composition closely, searching for signs of malignancy or any abnormalities. This step of analysis forms the backbone of the diagnostic process and enables us to select an ideal course of treatment for each individual patient.

Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid and Neck Lymph Nodes is a fundamental element in modern medicine’s arsenal. It provides valuable insight into the glands and neck lymph node conditions while providing a basis for further treatment strategies.

Is an Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in the Neck Painful?

Medical procedures often cause discomfort or pain for patients. An FNA biopsy of thyroid and neck lymph nodes is no exception. Yet, most reports indicate that it is relatively painless due to its minimally invasive nature and use of local anesthesia.

Before conducting a biopsy, physicians typically apply a local anesthetic to numb the area where a biopsy will take place. Initially, this may cause a slight stinging sensation similar to when receiving an insect bite. But once effective, the area will become numb, and any discomfort during the biopsy should significantly diminish.

A biopsy needle is typically very thin compared to those commonly used for regular injections or blood draws, so its insertion typically goes almost unnoticed by patients. Some may feel slight pressure or discomfort as soon as it reaches its intended site of action. Severe pain should rarely arise.

Post-procedure, any discomfort typically dissipates quickly, and patients can typically return to their regular activities within the same day. You must inform your healthcare provider of any concerns or discomfort experienced during or after their procedure. This will help them provide additional support or interventions to make this experience as comfortable as possible.

How Long Does It Take?

Although times for an Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy can differ depending on individual circumstances, the procedure typically lasts about 20–30 minutes.

The biopsy procedure is typically quick and efficient, taking only minutes to perform. However, most of the time is taken up by pre-procedure setup, which is key for its success.

Initial steps involve positioning ultrasound equipment appropriately based on each patient’s anatomy. The proceeding step involves cleaning and sterilizing the area for biopsies to avoid infection. This is done before providing local anesthesia to numb it during the procedure and ensure maximum patient comfort.

While these preparation steps may appear time-consuming, they are absolutely vital to ensure the accuracy and safety of a biopsy procedure. At Bay Area Endocrinology Associates, our doctors abide by strict protocols to guarantee high-quality care for every client.

Noteworthy is also that post-procedure patients will typically be observed for a brief time to ensure no immediate adverse reactions. Nevertheless, most can resume normal daily activities within hours or immediately afterward.

Understanding the length and process of an FNA biopsy procedure can help ease any anxiety surrounding its performance. At Bay Area Endocrinology Associates, Doctor Pedro Troya and the team are committed to patient education and communication. So, if any additional queries arise about its duration or process, don’t hesitate to contact us.

When Is It Necessary To Have This Procedure Done?

FNA biopsies of these procedures may be recommended when a physician notices nodules or lumps that warrant further investigation. This could be noticed during routine physical exams or while investigating symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, voice changes, or neck swelling.

Ultrasound can help identify nodules’ sizes, locations, and composition (solid or cystic). Unfortunately, ultrasound cannot accurately diagnose malignancy. An FNA biopsy must be conducted on any suspicious nodule to examine its cells and confirm or rule out cancer presence or absence. Additionally, it’s often used to evaluate unexplained lymph node enlargement in the neck.

Remind yourself that the goal is not to cause alarm but rather to ensure the health of your thyroid and neck lymph nodes is not compromised. Early diagnosis greatly increases treatment success rates as well as patient prognoses.

Bay Area Endocrinology Associates can help if you’ve discovered a lump in your neck or have experienced symptoms that concern you. Led by experienced endocrinologist Doctor Pedro Troya, our team is committed to providing comprehensive care from evaluation through treatment of the glads and other endocrine conditions. Please don’t hesitate to contact us for additional information regarding Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy or discuss any concerns over your health.

Pituitary disorders are considered rare condition. According to research, the condition affects 70 to 90 people out of 100,000. This disease occurs when the pituitary gland produces too many or few hormones that act on nearly all parts of the body.

The pituitary disorder can cause a wide range of medical conditions, such as prolactinoma (PRL), Cushing’s disease (CD), clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFA), or acromegaly (ACRO). Learn more about pituitary disorder signs, diagnosis causes, and when to call a doctor.

What are the Signs That Your Pituitary Gland Is Not Working Properly?
When the pituitary gland is not functioning correctly, you may experience various symptoms that will make you feel some changes in your body. The signs depend on the disorder, affected hormones, how fast they appear, and the cause and location.

Some people may experience sudden and dramatic symptoms, while others may have no symptoms or may be gradual. Here are the symptoms that affect people with pituitary disorders.
• GH (Growth Hormone) Deficiency-Affects children and adults. Symptoms in children include poor growth, fat around the waist and face, and short height. Adult symptoms are weight gain, reduced muscle mass, decreased energy in the body, decreased strength, anxiety, and depression.
• ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic) Deficiency-Common symptoms are depression, nausea, body weakness, fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and vomiting.
• FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH Luteinizing Hormone (LH) deficiency-Symptoms include stopped menstrual periods and infertility in women. Men experience erectile dysfunction, lack of interest in sex, facial hair loss, and weakness.
• Oxytocin Hormone deficiency- Signs include low sex drive, pale skin, feeling socially isolated, depression, cold hands and feet, and challenges with breastfeeding women due to low milk production.
• Prolactin Deficiency- This symptom affects women, including a lack of breast milk production after giving birth.
Other symptoms may include hair loss, high blood pressure, vision changes, headaches, irritability, easy bruising, seizures, drooping eyelids, and thickening of the skull.

Pituitary disorder symptoms may be similar to those of other diseases. Some people may not experience any of the above symptoms. This is why it’d be best to seek medical advice from a qualified doctor if you experience any unusual changes in the body.

How Is Pituitary Disease Diagnosed?
In most cases, pituitary symptoms aren’t noticed or detected because they are similar to those of other diseases. At Thyroid Doctor | Bay Area Endocrinology Associates, our doctors, led by Dr. Pedro I Troya, are highly experienced in diagnosing pituitary disorders.

Our physicians will perform specialized tests to determine the underlying issue and advise you accordingly. You can count on our doctors to get suitable answers to your condition with an effective treatment plan to relieve your symptoms. Diagnosis of pituitary disorder usually involves various tests and scans. Here are ways to diagnose the pituitary disorder.

Blood Tests
Doctors conduct blood tests to detect whether there are many or few specific hormones in your body associated with pituitary disorders. In most cases, a healthcare provider diagnoses pituitary disorder when the blood tests show too many hormones that occur in a condition called hyperprolactinemia.

If a blood test shows a hormone such as cortisol, the specialist may have to conduct other tests to determine whether the earlier test result is a pituitary disorder or another health condition. In other cases, when a blood test shows very low hormones, the specialist may need to conduct other tests like imaging exams to determine if pituitary adenoma is the cause of the test results.

The physician may also conduct a blood test if the patient has enlarged hands and feet since this could indicate increased levels of growth hormone.

MRI Scan
Doctors use MRI scans to analyze the body’s organs and tissues and diagnose the possibility of pituitary disorders. Brain scans can help doctors determine the location and size of a pituitary tumor.
Doctors can also use the results of this scan to check if the tumor is near the tissue. The physician may inject the patient with a contrast agent in an arm vein to enhance the images during the scan.

Vision Tests
A pituitary disorder can affect peripheral vision. When a patient visits a doctor, they may need to undergo a vision test so that the doctor can determine how well they can see and conduct other tests that can help them detect a pituitary tumor.

During the test, the physician will ask the patient to find light areas on the screen using each eye. If you have eyesight problems or the specialist rules out a pituitary tumor after analyzing the symptoms, you may need to undergo vision tests.

What Is The Cause(s) Of Pituitary Disorders?
Pituitary disorders mainly occur due to noncancerous tumors and may affect thyroid functioning, adrenal functioning, and sexual development. This occurs due to uncontrolled cell growth in the pituitary gland, which makes the body produce too many or too few hormones. In some cases, though rare, pituitary disorders may occur due to inherited genes. Other causes of the pituitary disorder may include
• Head injury
• Traumatic brain injury
• Meningitis
• Surgery
• Radiation
• Tuberculosis
• Sarcoidosis
• Bleeding in the brain
• Severe loss of blood after childbirth
Other patients may also experience inflammation due to abnormal responses to the immune system, stroke, damage to the pituitary gland, or severe uterine bleeding during childbirth. Sometimes, the doctor may refer you to an endocrinologist for more tests. Dr. Pedro I Troya from Thyroid Doctor | Bay Area Endocrinology Associates can offer support and effective information about the causes of a pituitary disorder.

Seek Medical Attention Today
Qualified doctors can examine your condition and conduct tests and scans depending on the underlying cause and symptoms. Thyroid Doctor | Bay Area Endocrinology Associates, located in the Bay Area in Tampa, FL, specialize in all thyroid conditions, including cancer, nodules, hyper, and hypothyroidism. We conduct thyroid ultrasounds, biopsies, and lab tests within our facility and also treat other complex metabolism conditions such as obesity and diabetes. Our obesity treatment includes a weight loss program and hormone-deficient states such as low testosterone. We operate in multiple locations within the Bay Area for convenient access. If you have any of the above symptoms, contact our Tampa practice today for help.

Hormones are essential for various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and reproduction. They are produced by various glands, including the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys. These small but mighty glands are responsible for producing several essential hormones, including cortisol and aldosterone.

When the adrenal glands are not functioning correctly, it can lead to several health problems. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose and treat adrenal gland disorders promptly. One test that doctors use to diagnose adrenal gland disorders is the cosyntropin stimulation test. In this article, we will explore the cosyntropin stimulation test and its significance in diagnosing adrenal gland disorders.

What is the Purpose of the Stimulation Test?
The primary purpose of the cosyntropin stimulation test is to evaluate the adrenal gland’s response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and to diagnose adrenal gland disorders. The adrenal glands produce cortisol and aldosterone, hormones that play a vital role in various bodily functions. Cortisol is essential in regulating blood sugar levels, controlling inflammation, and responding to stress, while aldosterone helps regulate the body’s salt and water balance.

Addison’s disease is a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms of Addison’s disease include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin. The cosyntropin stimulation test is a useful diagnostic tool to identify this condition.

Additionally, the cosyntropin stimulation test is used to diagnose secondary adrenal insufficiency. This condition occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce enough ACTH, which in turn, leads to decreased cortisol production by the adrenal glands. Symptoms of secondary adrenal insufficiency include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and low blood pressure.

The cosyntropin stimulation test can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment for adrenal gland disorders. For example, suppose a patient is being treated for Addison’s disease with hormone replacement therapy. In that case, the test may be used to monitor how well their adrenal glands are responding to the therapy. If the patient’s cortisol levels do not increase significantly in response to the cosyntropin stimulation test, it may indicate that the hormone replacement therapy is not effective, and a change in treatment may be necessary.

Overall, the cosyntropin stimulation test is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating the adrenal gland’s response to ACTH and diagnosing adrenal gland disorders. It is a safe and straightforward procedure that can provide valuable insights into a patient’s adrenal gland function.

When Should I Do a Cosyntropin Stimulation Test?
A cosyntropin stimulation test may be ordered by a healthcare provider if they suspect that a patient has an adrenal gland disorder, such as Addison’s disease or secondary adrenal insufficiency. Some common signs and symptoms that may prompt a healthcare provider to order a cosyntropin stimulation test include:

i) Fatigue and weakness
ii) Unexplained weight loss
iii) Low blood pressure
iv) Darkening of the skin
v) Salt craving
vi) Abnormal electrolyte levels
vii) Abnormal thyroid function tests
viii) A history of autoimmune diseases or infections that affect the adrenal glands.

The cosyntropin stimulation test may also be used to monitor a patient’s adrenal gland function if they are receiving hormone replacement therapy for an adrenal gland disorder. Sometimes, a healthcare provider may order a cosyntropin stimulation test as part of a routine check-up if they suspect a patient may be at risk for an adrenal gland disorder.

It is important to note that the cosyntropin stimulation test is not appropriate for everyone. People who have a history of severe allergic reactions to corticotropin or any of the components of the test should not undergo the test. Additionally, pregnant women should not undergo the test unless it is absolutely necessary, as it may pose a risk to the developing fetus.

If you are experiencing any of the symptoms listed above or are concerned about your adrenal gland function, you should speak with your healthcare provider. They can help you determine if a cosyntropin stimulation test is appropriate for you and can provide you with more information about the procedure.

How is the Test Done?
The cosyntropin stimulation test is a simple and safe procedure that can be done in a doctor’s office or a hospital setting. Here is what you can expect during the test:

1. Preparation
Before the test, the patient should inform their doctor about any medications they are taking, including over-the-counter medications and supplements, as some medications can interfere with the test results. The patient should also avoid eating or drinking anything except water for at least 8 hours before the test.

2. Baseline Blood Sample Collection
A baseline blood sample is collected from the patient to measure their cortisol levels before the test. The sample is usually taken from a vein in the patient’s arm.

3. Cosyntropin Injection
Next, a synthetic form of ACTH called cosyntropin is injected into the patient’s muscle or vein. The dosage of cosyntropin varies depending on the patient’s age and weight.

4. Post-Injection Blood Sample Collection
After 30 or 60 minutes, a second blood sample is collected from the patient to measure their cortisol levels in response to the cosyntropin injection. The timing of the post-injection sample depends on the healthcare provider’s preference, but 60 minutes is more commonly used.

5. Analysis of Results
The baseline cortisol level and post-injection cortisol level are compared to determine how well the patient’s adrenal glands responded to the cosyntropin injection. A significant increase in cortisol levels indicates that the adrenal glands are functioning properly, while a minimal or no increase in cortisol levels suggests that the adrenal glands are not functioning correctly.

6. Follow-Up
After the test, the patient may resume their regular activities and diet. The doctor will analyze the test results and discuss them with the patient, including any necessary follow-up steps, such as additional testing or treatment.

In conclusion, the cosyntropin stimulation test is a valuable diagnostic tool used to assess adrenal gland function and diagnose adrenal gland disorders such as Addison’s disease or secondary adrenal insufficiency. The test is safe and straightforward, involving the injection of a synthetic form of ACTH called cosyntropin and monitoring the cortisol response in the patient’s bloodstream. If you are experiencing any symptoms of adrenal gland disorders, it is crucial to speak with an endocrinologist or thyroid specialist who can evaluate your condition and recommend appropriate diagnostic tests and treatments.

At our clinics, we specialize in treating adrenal gland disorders and providing personalized care for our patients. If you suspect that you may have an adrenal gland disorder or have been diagnosed with one, please schedule an appointment with our experienced endocrinologist. We can help you determine if a cosyntropin stimulation test is necessary or recommend other diagnostic tests and treatment options.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder, is a condition that inflames and damages the thyroid gland. This disorder is responsible for causing hypothyroidism in millions of people in the United States alone, making it the most prevalent cause of this condition. In this blog post, we will delve into Hashimoto’s intricacies, exploring its impact on the body, the symptoms accompanying it, and the various treatment options available from endocrinologists. By the end of this article, you will have a comprehensive understanding of the common disorders caused by Hashimoto’s and how to manage its effects.

What Happens When a Person Gets Hashimoto’s?
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that develops gradually, caused by the immune system attacking and inflaming the thyroid gland, which leads to damage over time. This gland is a vital organ responsible for producing hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism. Therefore, when it is damaged, hormone production is disrupted, resulting in many symptoms that can significantly impact one’s quality of life, such as fatigue, weight gain, constipation, depression, and more.

This condition affects millions of people in the United States, with women being more prone to it than men. Additionally, Hashimoto’s is more prevalent in people over 60 and can have a genetic component, meaning that if someone has a close relative with the condition, they may be at an increased risk of developing it themselves.

If left untreated, Hashimoto’s can lead to severe complications such as goiter, heart problems, and in rare cases, thyroid cancer. However, effective treatment options are available, including hormone replacement therapy and medications that can help regulate hormone levels and reduce inflammation in the gland. Consulting an endocrinologist or a doctor is crucial for accurately diagnosing and developing a personalized treatment plan.

What Does Hashimoto’s Feel Like?
The symptoms of Hashimoto’s can vary from person to person, and some people may not experience any symptoms at all. However, common symptoms include:

• Fatigue
• Weight gain
• Sensitivity to cold
• Constipation
• Dry skin
• Hair loss
• Joint pain
• Muscle weakness
• Depression
• Difficulty concentrating
• Irregular menstrual periods
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is essential to talk to your doctor. They can perform a blood test to check your hormone levels and determine if you have Hashimoto’s.

What is the Main Cause of Hashimoto’s Disease?
The main cause of Hashimoto’s is not known, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Certain genes may make a person more susceptible to developing Hashimoto’s, and environmental factors such as radiation exposure, iodine intake, and viral infections may trigger the autoimmune response.

What Treatment Options Are Available?
Treatment options for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis vary depending on the severity of the condition. The primary goal of treatment is to normalize thyroid hormone levels and alleviate symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy, which involves taking a synthetic thyroid hormone known as levothyroxine, is one common treatment. This medication is typically taken once daily to replace the hormone the gland is no longer producing.
In addition to hormone replacement therapy, you can make several lifestyle changes to help manage your symptoms. These include:

• Eating a healthy, balanced diet
• Getting regular exercise
• Managing stress
• Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
If your symptoms are severe or your thyroid gland is significantly damaged, your endocrinologist may recommend surgery to remove all or part of the damaged gland.

Book an Appointment
To receive proper treatment for Hashimoto’s, it is crucial to seek out the expertise of an experienced endocrinologist. At Bay Area Endocrinology Associates, we specialize in diagnosing and treating various thyroid disorders, including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. To explore our comprehensive treatment options, including those for Hashimoto’s, please visit our webpage on Hashimoto’s thyroiditis treatment. If you need assistance with your Hashimoto’s treatment, book an appointment today.

Seeking the advice and treatment of a qualified endocrinologist is essential to managing symptoms of Hashimito’s Thyroiditis and improving outcomes. With various treatment options available, including hormone replacement therapy, lifestyle changes, and surgery in severe cases, working with a healthcare professional can make a significant difference.

Moreover, raising awareness about Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and other thyroid disorders is crucial, as early detection and treatment can help manage symptoms and improve outcomes. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, it’s important to encourage them to seek medical attention.

At Bay Area Endocrinology Associates, we specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders caused by Hashimoto’s, including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. We are dedicated to helping our patients achieve optimal health and wellness. Visit our webpage on the topic for more information, and book an appointment with us today to start your journey towards better health. Don’t let Hashimoto’s thyroiditis control your life – take control of your health today.

One of the most common symptoms of diabetes is hyperglycemia, which is a condition where a person’s blood sugar levels are high enough to cause damage. It is essential for people with diabetes to monitor blood sugar levels and make changes as necessary. One type of monitoring device that has been especially popular with this population is continuous glucose monitors (CGM).

Understanding continuous glucose monitoring

Continued glucose monitoring is a type of glucose monitoring device worn as a sensor under the skin to give a more accurate measure of blood sugar levels than other monitoring devices, such as a blood glucose meter or an insulin pump. CGM has proven effective in helping patients better manage their diabetes and avoid dangerous episodes of hypoglycemia. It’s also been helpful for people with type 2 diabetes who have trouble remembering to test their blood sugar levels regularly.

Although it’s still unclear why some people have reported that continuous monitoring of glucose helps them to avoid the negative consequences of high-glucose episodes better than an acute test does, this may be because it appears that constant monitoring can help people learn to anticipate when their blood sugar level is about to rise and take steps to prevent it from going too high.

Patients who qualify for continuous glucose monitoring

To allow for continuous glucose monitoring, a person must be at least 10% over their target range and have had an episode of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in the previous two months. Patients with difficulty testing glucose levels regularly, including children with type 1 diabetes, may also be considered for this monitoring.

Patients who qualify for continuous glucose monitoring must also meet the following criteria

* Have permission to use it continuously from the doctor
* Be reliable about testing their blood sugar levels before, during, and after exercise, as well as
before and after taking medication.
* Have a constant level of carbohydrates in their diet.
* Not be allergic to the sensors used with continuous glucose monitoring.

The Benefits of Continuous Glucose Monitoring

1. It can help with diabetes self-management

Patients with diabetes can use continuous glucose monitoring to help them better manage their diabetes and avoid dangerous episodes of hypoglycemia. The CGM is designed to give alert readings every few minutes that warn a person if their blood sugar level is too high or too low. Thyroid problems, some medications, and a change in diet may cause shifts in glucose levels. Still, with continuous monitoring, patients can know as soon as something happens and take steps to keep their glucose levels within their target range.

2. It may prevent health problems

Continuous glucose monitoring can help people keep their glucose levels in the correct range. Doing so can prevent some long-term health problems associated with diabetes, such as heart disease, eye disease, and kidney damage. Patients using continuous glucose monitoring have reported that they’re less likely to experience drastic fluctuations in blood sugar.

3. A better quality of life

The CGM can help people with diabetes monitor their glucose levels at any time, meaning that they don’t need to go in a lot of effort to keep it in balance. It gives them a better quality of life, as they no longer have to stress out about accidentally going into a hypoglycemic coma or hyperglycemic seizure. An endocrinologist can also use CGM to help patients with diabetes better manage their blood sugar levels.

4. Minimizes Costs

Using a CGM can help people with diabetes monitor their glucose levels consistently. They can use the device, like other monitoring equipment, such as blood glucose meters and insulin pumps, to test their blood sugar levels and record the result. It means that they don’t need to pay for a lot of expensive disposable testing strips. A doctor recommends that a patient starts with a certain kind of CGM. Patients interested in using this device should ensure they know how to use it properly and how to care for the implant site.

5. Better follow-up care from physicians is provided

Physicians’ offices that use continuous glucose monitoring as part of their treatment approach can improve care by allowing patients to monitor themselves and take control of their diabetes. Tracking blood sugar levels can also help keep a patient’s diabetes under better control in the long term. They’re also less likely to experience hyperglycemic or hypoglycemic events, meaning they’ll spend less time in the doctor’s office.

Continuous glucose monitoring is an effective tool for people with diabetes to better manage the disease. It allows them to monitor their blood sugar levels continuously, giving them a more accurate picture of how they fluctuate throughout the day.

6. First, a proactive response

Doctors’ continuous monitoring has been reported to be the first step in helping to prevent hyperglycemia, which is the number one cause of hypoglycemia in people with diabetes. When a person with diabetes detects a worsening glucose level, they can choose how to respond. They can do something as simple as adjusting their diet or medication routine, engaging in exercise, or seeking medical attention if they suspect this may be an emergency.

7. It can help to get a better understanding of hyperglycemia

It is reported that continuous glucose monitoring can help diabetes patients understand hyperglycemia symptoms, which they can then use to adjust their medication and diet routine. Patients using continuous glucose monitoring typically report feeling more in control over their disease and better able to monitor it. They can also review data on past episodes of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia and make changes accordingly.

8. Easier Diagnosis

Most patients who use a CGM can receive better diabetes care when their physician uses it as a diagnostic tool. The CGM can help to diagnose better hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes, which allows patients to develop a deeper understanding of the impact these events have on their blood sugar levels. It is also easier to diagnose and treat patients who can control their diabetes better, as the doctor can react more quickly to their poor glucose control.

9. Improved treatment outcomes

Diabetes patients who use continuous glucose monitoring report being able to tailor their lifestyle more effectively than those who don’t. They can therefore reduce or eliminate medication and dietary restrictions, which can reduce the risk of complications related to diabetes. They can also eradicate hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes, which can help to lower their blood pressure and improve cholesterol levels.

Continuous glucose monitors are designed to provide patients with diabetes with a better understanding of how their disease impacts their daily lives. They also help patients to feel more in control of their diabetes, as they’re able to monitor it at any time and make decisions on how to manage it.

If you have any questions about continuous glucose monitoring in patients, Our endocrinology practice offers treatment to people with Type one and Two Diabetes. Please don’t hesitate to contact our support team; we’ll gladly help you.

Understanding Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid disorders, also known as thyroiditis, are a group of conditions that affect the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces hormones that regulate metabolism. Thyroid disorders are becoming more common in recent years, with an increasing number of people diagnosed with these conditions. It can significantly impact a person’s health and quality of life, so it is essential to understand their causes, signs, and symptoms.

We treat thyroid conditions at our medical practice in medical practice in Tampa, FL, treating all thyroid conditions. Our experienced and knowledgeable staff have treated patients with thyroid disorders for many years. We have the latest technology and equipment to diagnose and treat thyroid disorders. We understand that dealing with a thyroid disorder can be stressful and overwhelming, so we strive to provide our patients with comprehensive, individualized care. We take the time to listen to our patients, answer their questions and concerns, and work with them to develop a treatment plan tailored to their specific needs. Here is what you need to know about thyroid disorders.

The Main Types

1. Hyperthyroidism

This is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This can cause many symptoms, including weight loss, increased appetite, anxiety, irritability, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and tremors. Hyperthyroidism can also lead to eye problems, such as bulging eyes and double vision, as well as skin changes, such as thinning and fine wrinkling. Hyperthyroidism can be caused by an autoimmune disorder, such as Graves’ disease, or by a benign or malignant tumor on the thyroid gland.

2. Hypothyroidism

In this condition, the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. This can cause various symptoms, including fatigue, weight gain, depression, dry skin, hair loss, cold intolerance, and constipation. Hypothyroidism can also lead to high cholesterol, heart disease, and infertility. Hypothyroidism can be caused by an autoimmune disorder, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, or a lack of iodine in the diet.

The Major Causes

1. Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases are a significant cause of thyroid disorders. In autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing damage and leading to overproduction or underproduction of hormones. Autoimmune thyroid disorders are more common in women and often run in families.

2. Genetics

Genetics can also play a role in the development of thyroid disorders. Certain inherited genetic conditions, such as congenital hypothyroidism, can cause the thyroid gland to not function properly from birth. These disorders are caused by mutations in the genes that control the development and function of the thyroid gland. Some genetic disorders can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive pattern, meaning that only one copy of the altered gene is needed for the disease to occur or that both copies of the gene must be changed, respectively.

3. Exposure to Toxins

Certain chemicals, such as perchlorate, a component of rocket fuel, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are industrial chemicals banned for decades, can disrupt the normal functioning of the thyroid gland. These toxins can interfere with the production and release of thyroid hormones, leading to hypothyroidism. Exposure to radiation, such as that radiation therapy for cancer or from a nuclear accident, can also damage the thyroid gland, leading to thyroid disorders.

The Different Tests

1. TSH test

TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) test is a blood test that measures the level of TSH in the blood. This test determines if the thyroid gland produces too much or too little thyroid hormone. High levels of TSH can indicate hypothyroidism, while low levels can indicate hyperthyroidism.

2. Thyroid Antibody Test

This test measures the levels of antibodies that attack the thyroid gland in the blood. High levels of these antibodies can indicate an autoimmune disorder, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease.

3. Thyroid Scan

A thyroiditis scan uses a small amount of radioactive material to create images of the thyroid gland. This test can help to identify any abnormalities in the thyroid gland and can also help to determine if a lump or nodule is benign or cancerous.

4. Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test

This test measures how the thyroid gland takes up much radioactive iodine. This test can help identify the cause of hyperthyroidism.

Treatment Options

1. Anti-thyroid Medicine

These medications work by blocking the production of thyroid hormones. They are typically used to treat hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disorder like Graves’ disease. These medications can take several weeks to months to take effect, but they can help to decrease the symptoms of hyperthyroidism and reduce the size of the thyroid gland.

2. Radioiodine Therapy

This treatment uses a small amount of radioactive iodine to destroy part of the thyroid gland, which can help reduce thyroid-hormone production. This treatment is usually used for hyperthyroidism caused by an overactive thyroid or nodules.

3. Thyroidectomy

This surgical procedure involves the removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. This treatment is usually used for severe cases of hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer.

4. Beta-blockers

These medications can help control some symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as rapid heartbeat and tremors, by slowing down the heart rate. They can be used temporarily to control symptoms while other treatments take effect.

Thyroid disorders are treatable conditions that can significantly impact a person’s health and quality of life. The treatment choice will depend on the specific type of thyroid disorder and the patient’s needs. See a healthcare professional if you suspect you may have a thyroid disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the development of long-term complications. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are also essential to ensure effective treatment and make any necessary adjustments. If you suspect that you or someone you know might be suffering from a thyroid disorder, don’t hesitate to schedule an appointment with our specialist and doctor to take control of your health.

Hypercalcemia is a disease that leads to abnormal amounts of calcium in the bloodstream. In most cases, the condition can cause kidney stones, brittle bones, weakness, fatigue, and other issues.

Hypercalcemia results from overactive parathyroid glands. Other causes of hypercalcemia may include taking too many vitamin D supplements and calcium, medications, and other medical disorders.

What Is Parathyroid Gland?

The parathyroid gland contains four tiny glands in the neck around the thyroid gland. These glands constantly control the amount of phosphorous, magnesium, and calcium circulating in your body. Parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH). Parathyroid hormone is a polypeptide that maintains calcium in the bloodstream. Low calcium levels within the bloodstream stimulate the production of parathyroid hormone. High amounts of calcium in the blood prevent the production of parathyroid hormone.

The crucial balance can get disrupted if parathyroid glands fail to function. As a result, the amounts of calcium in the bloodstream get whack, leading to two conditions; Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: When parathyroid glands are under-active, releasing too little PTH. This lowers blood calcium levels. Primary Hyperparathyroidism: When parathyroid glands are overactive and release too much PTH. This causes blood calcium levels to rise.

Symptoms and Signs of Hyperparathyroidism

You may not experience symptoms if you have hyperparathyroidism at an early stage. However, if you have mild hyperparathyroidism, you can experience the following symptoms;

• Depression
• Feeling tired
• Joint pain
• Loss of appetite
• Muscle weakness
• Trouble concentrating

If you have severe hyperparathyroidism, you may experience these signs and symptoms;

• Constipation
• Bone pain
• Confusion
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism

In most cases, doctors diagnose parathyroid conditions by ordering;

Blood Tests. Your doctor will likely order a blood test to confirm the results if they suggest that your blood calcium levels are abnormally high. Many calcium levels can increase for many reasons. However, if your doctor notices excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone in your blood, they will diagnose hyperparathyroidism.

Additional Tests. After diagnosing hyperparathyroidism, your doctor will likely order more tests. This will help them identify possible causes of the parathyroid condition and its severity. These tests may include the following;

Urine Tests. Urine test helps your healthcare provider understand how well your kidneys function. It also provides information on how much calcium passes in your urine. The test helps to determine the severity of the parathyroid condition. If the result found low calcium levels in the urine, the disease doesn’t need treatment.

Bone Mineral Density Test. The test helps to identify if you have developed osteoporosis. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is the most common test to measure bone mineral density.

Imaging Tests of Kidneys. Your doctor can order imaging tests of your abdomen to identify if you have kidney stones or other related issues.

Hyperparathyroidism Treatment

If you experience mild hyperparathyroidism, your doctor may choose not to treat it immediately. Instead, they will monitor your blood calcium levels, kidney function, blood pressure, and bone density.

Lifestyle and Home Remedies

If your healthcare provider believes that your hyperparathyroidism doesn’t require immediate attention, ensure to;

• Exercise regularly to keep your bones strong
• Drink a lot of water
• Avoid taking lithium or thiazide diuretics because these drugs can raise your level of calcium.
• Consult your physician if you need to take a Vitamin D supplement, especially if your vitamin D level is low.
• Avoid smoking, as this may increase bone loss. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to quit.

Your provider may recommend surgery if you have severe hyperparathyroidism signs and symptoms. Surgery by qualified professionals can treat hyperparathyroidism in about 95% of cases.

Medical Treatment

Medications to cure hyperparathyroidism may include;

Calcimimetics

As the name suggests, calcimimetics drugs mimic calcium circulating in the bloodstream. The drug triggers parathyroid glands to produce parathyroid hormone. Calcimimetics is a perfect alternative to treat hyperparathyroidism, primarily if surgery hasn’t successfully treat the disorder.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

This is especially true for women beyond menopause with symptoms of osteoporosis. Hormone replacement is an ideal solution that can help bones keep calcium.

Bisphosphonates

Bisphosphonates can also prevent calcium loss and reduce osteoporosis caused by hyperparathyroidism.

Tell-Tale Signs of Hypercalcemia

Signs of hypercalcemia vary from mild to severe. These may include;

• Kidneys: Too much calcium can make your kidney strive to filter it, leading to frequent urination and excess thirst.
• Brain: Hypercalcemia can alter your brain functions, resulting in fatigue, lethargy, and confusion. In some cases, it can lead to depression.
• Digestive system: Excessive calcium can cause nausea, constipation, vomiting, and stomach upset.
• Bones and muscles: Hypercalcemia can weaken muscles and cause bone pain.
• Heart: Although rarely, hypercalcemia can alter how your heart works, causing fainting, palpitations, and other heart issues.

When to See an Endocrinologist

Seek medical attention immediately after you start developing symptoms of hypercalcemia. These include urinating frequently, being incredibly thirsty, and experiencing abdominal pain.

Hypercalcemia Complications

Hypercalcemia complications may include;

Osteoporosis. Excessive release of calcium into your blood can cause osteoporosis. This can cause bone fractures.

Kidney Failure. Hypercalcemia can damage your kidneys, restricting their ability to function correctly.

Kidney Stones. Kidney crystals may occur if your urine contains excessive calcium. Over time, passing these stones becomes painful.

Treatment

No treatment is needed for mild hypercalcemia. However, your endocrinologist can recommend the following treatment if you have severe hypercalcemia.

Medication

Your healthcare provider might recommend the following medicines;

Calcitonin. This is a hormone from salmon and can help manage calcium levels within the bloodstream.

Denosumab. Also known as Xgeva, this medication is commonly used to cure individuals with cancer-related hypercalcemia. This is especially true for those who don’t respond well to bisphosphonates.

IV diuretics. This fluid can promptly reduce the calcium level in the blood, preventing nervous system damage and heart rhythm issues.

Prednisone. This is designed for short-term use, mainly when a high vitamin D level causes hypercalcemia.

Osteoporosis is the thinning of the bones, which leads to an increased risk of fracture. The body is constantly absorbing and replacing bone tissue. With osteoporosis, new bone formation does not occur after removing old bone. Most people do not know they have the condition until they get a fracture. It is estimated that millions have osteoporosis. One in two women and one in four men are at risk of developing it. Women over 40 are at a higher risk because after menopause, they lose bone mass, as do men older than 50.

We are a Tampa-based facility that focuses on thyroid conditions. We have years of experience and are dedicated to providing the best treatment. Our facility is top-notch with state-of-the-art equipment to give you your best chance of recovery. Our team is well-trained and knowledgeable to provide you with the best care. Our approach is holistic as we address your condition’s underlying cause. Feel free to reach out to us and let us help you.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

Stooped Shape to the Spine. This occurs when there is too much bone matrix present in the spine. The long spine bones support most of the weight in the body. Too much bone matrix present can cause abnormalities in bone density, leading to a curved or stooped posture. This symptom may cause the affected individual to walk with a bit of a waddle.

Height loss. Although it happens at a very slow rate, height loss is a symptom of osteoporosis. The bones begin to compress, and the vertebrae collapse on each other. Height loss can begin early on but becomes more prominent as time goes on. In cases of extreme height loss, patients may have a hunched back and be unable to straighten their stature.

Receding Gums. The jawbone is connected to the skull, and the loss of bone density in this area leads to receding gums. This occurs when there is an inadequate level of calcium in the body. When the teeth are not adequately covered by gum tissue, it can lead to tooth decay or periodontal disease. Gum recession can be treated with implants, but restoring lost tissue is impossible.

Back pain. Another symptom of Osteoporosis is back pain. This occurs when the vertebrae in the spine collapse and push against a nerve or spinal cord. Back pain can be very severe and cause movement to become very difficult. It also limits mobility in the body, as some vertebrae can no longer move smoothly.

Fractures. In osteoporosis, there is a decreased ability for new bone to form after the removal of old bone. This can cause bones to break from everyday stress or low-impact injuries. If the break occurs in major bones, it can cause significant pain. It may also lead to other fractures in the same area, which can cause difficulty moving.

Diagnosis

Here are some ways to get a diagnosis for Osteoporosis.

Bone Density Test. This simple test can tell the medical professional if the bones in your body have enough bone matter. They use a Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan to determine the density of the bones. The scan will emit low-level radiation and only take a few minutes of your time. With this test, the medical professional can see if your bones are developing correctly or if bone tissue is lost in the body.

Blood Test

A blood test can be administered to determine the levels of calcium and vitamin D in the body. The blood test is a simple procedure that takes very little time. It is necessary to find out if there is an imbalance in either of these compounds, as it will help with your diagnosis. The specialist may also check for other markers of Osteoporosis, such as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and Osteocalcin.

Treatment Options

Osteoporosis is manageable and treatable. It is a condition that will get worse with time if it is not treated, so it is best to get treatment as soon as possible.

Diet. The best diet for osteoporosis is to consume as much calcium as possible. Calcium helps to keep the bones strong and healthy.

Exercise. Exercise is beneficial in treating osteoporosis because it increases bone density and muscle strength. The bone strength built and maintained through exercise will reduce the risk of injury in osteoporosis.

Manipulative Therapy. This involves using an instrument to help correct faulty or relevant skeletal alignment. The machine has computer software to analyze data from sensors attached to the body. The goal is to ensure that the affected area is organized and properly aligned and that there are no other issues.

Medication. Depending on the severity of osteoporosis, medication may be required to control the condition. The drugs are designed to raise the level of calcium in the blood to reduce the loss of bone mass. Most medications will cause side effects, but most can be managed with proper monitoring by your doctor.

Osteoporosis is manageable for those who have it. Taking the proper medications and doing standard exercises to build bone mass can make a big difference in preventing fractures. Osteoporosis is not curable but can be managed. If you suspect you may have it or any other bone-related problem, please make an appointment to see your doctor.

We are here to help you and ensure you get the proper treatment. If you have any questions about osteoporosis, please don’t hesitate to contact our office; we’ll be happy to help you.

Thyroid diseases are common among females, with an estimated 1.6-2% of all women suffering from thyroid problems, either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. This disease, in general, can be challenging to diagnose and manage. Patients may not be aware of the signs and symptoms, and even when they seek medical attention, the condition, in many cases, has already progressed too far for effective treatment. It is essential to note the signs and symptoms earlier so that patients can take preventative measures. If detected early enough, the symptoms can be treated effectively by an endocrinologist.

What Is Thyroid?

The thyroid gland lies in the front part of the neck. It is a butterfly-shaped organ that produces hormones that affect your metabolism and how your body uses energy. It wraps around both sides of the windpipe (trachea), connecting to muscles in front of each breastbone (sternum). The pituitary gland, a pea-sized organ at the base of the brain, controls it. The pituitary gland makes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which tells the gland how much hormone to make. As noted above, there are two types of problems, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

What is hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is by far the most common condition. Women are about nine times as likely as men to develop hypothyroidism, with the peak age of onset being between 35 and 55 years old. The condition is usually diagnosed in middle-aged women and older. It is defined as an under-functioning thyroid gland. The hormones T3 and T4 are either not produced in adequate quantities or are not released into the bloodstream. Changes in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats characterize hypothyroidism. The gland shapes the development of an embryo and fetus during pregnancy. It also influences our weight, muscle strength, energy levels, heart rate, digestion, and body temperature.

What is hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) is a condition in which the gland produces too much hormone. Hyperthyroidism causes a person to experience fever, anxiety, nervousness, sweating, and a rapid heart rate. The condition can also cause irregular menstrual periods and infertility.

Symptoms of thyroid problems in females

The symptoms may vary depending on whether the disorder is hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

Symptoms of hypothyroidism in females

1. Weight gain

Weight gain is a common symptom of hypothyroidism. The weight gain may result from decreased metabolism due to insufficient hormones, resulting in energy loss and fat accumulation.

2. Fatigue

Fatigue is another common symptom of hypothyroidism. It increases the risk of depression, heart problems (including heart attack), or diabetes when associated with low energy levels and reduced physical stamina. In women, it can also impact their fertility or ability to become pregnant.

3. Low body temperature (hypothermia)

Hypothyroidism often causes hypothermia, during which the average body temperature of a person is below 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. It is common for hypothyroid patients to feel cold even in warm places and situations.

4. Infertility

Another common symptom of hypothyroidism is infertility (failure to conceive). If the problem is severe, people may become infertile as early as their teenage years.

5. Hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle

Women may notice their menstrual periods becoming heavier, more frequent, irregular, or stop altogether. When the problem is not corrected, women might also experience vaginal dryness and painful intercourse.

6. Mood swings or depression

Mood changes are common among hypothyroid patients due to an overstimulated central nervous system (CNS). Patients may experience heightened sensitivity to external stimuli (irritability, oversensitivity to the slightest thing) or a sense of isolation.

7. Anxiety

People with hypothyroidism may feel nervous or tense, while others might experience anxiety and panic attacks. The anxiety can be so intense that patients tend to avoid social situations, which can fuel further depression and even worsen the condition.

8. Sleepiness

Patients struggle to stay awake and feel drowsy even during daytime activities. They experience an overwhelming sense of tiredness or fatigue at the beginning of each day, and even after a whole night’s sleep can feel exhausted at work.

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism in females

1. Extreme nervousness

When hyperthyroidism occurs, a person might feel very nervous and restless with a fast heartbeat (tachycardia). The symptoms could be associated with feelings of anger or irritability.

2. Irregular menstrual cycles or no menstruation

If the condition is inaccurately treated, it can cause irregular menstrual cycles or even delay or stop menstruation altogether due to excessive hormone secretion. This is called amenorrhea.

3. Depression

People with hyperthyroidism are more prone to depression than those with hypothyroidism. When combined with other symptoms, hyperthyroidism can cause severe emotional distress, complicating treatment and increasing the risk of suicidal thoughts or actions.

4. Weight loss

As a result of increased calorie intake and reduced metabolism, people with hyperthyroidism often experience rapid weight loss (anorexia).

5. Increased risk for heart disease

Patients with hyperthyroidism experience increased cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) due to increased cholesterol production by the liver and fat deposits in the arteries (atherosclerosis).

6. Muscle weakness and tremors

A fast heartbeat and high blood pressure can result in muscle weakness, especially in the legs. When hyperthyroidism occurs, patients may experience symptoms such as muscle cramping, trembling or shakiness, and problems with coordination (ataxia).

7. Hair loss

Hair loss or hair thinning is one of the most common symptoms of both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The hairs on the head are not as elastic as they should be, which results in hair breakage and excessive shedding.

Treatment

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is vital that you seek medical attention from a Bay Area endocrinologist doctor. Bay Area physicians specialize in treating hormonal diseases. The goal of treatment is to reposition the patient’s gland so that it functions properly and produces average amounts of hormones. Treatment depends on the patient’s medical condition. The doctor will order one or more blood tests to evaluate the patient’s problem and determine the treatment needed.